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CNC machining is the most common and best method for prototyping and mass production of metal and plastic parts. What are the main technical processes of CNC machining?

Simply clamp the workpiece on a turntable or mandrel, and while the workpiece rotates, the tool stops in a fixture mounted on a moving slide. Sliders can be moved up and down the length of the workpiece or closer to or away from the centerline. A drill mounted on the tailstock creates a precise hole just below the centerline of the workpiece.

Turning is ideal for removing large amounts of material quickly. Lathes are used to make concentric shapes on the outer circumference of circular parts. Grooves, annular grooves, shoulders, internal and external threads, cylinders and shafts—many round or round features are machined on a lathe. They are also capable of producing a smooth and uniform surface finish.

Milling differs from turning in that the workpiece remains stationary and the tool rotates on a spindle. The workpiece is usually placed horizontally on the machine table and mounted on a table that moves in the X and Y directions. The spindle is equipped with various tools and can move in X, Y and Z axes.

While a milling machine can also drill and drill holes, it excels at removing material from more complex and asymmetrical parts. Milling cutters are used to create squares/flats, slots, chamfers, channels, contours, keyways and other features that depend on precise cutting angles. Together, milling and turning are responsible for the operation of most CNC machine tools. As with all metalworking operations, cutting fluids are used to cool workpieces and tools, lubricate and flush away metal particles or chips.

CNC grinding

Surface Grinding: Creating a very flat surface on metal parts is very important for many applications. Grinding is when the workpiece is mounted on a table and moves back and forth on a slide under the wheel, or sometimes held securely while the wheel moves. Note that this procedure should only be used on surfaces that do not have any protrusions protruding from the surface.

Different materials use different types of abrasives. Thermal and mechanical stress during grinding can adversely affect the workpiece, so tool speed and temperature must be carefully controlled.

External Cylindrical Grinding: The workpiece is usually kept stationary while the circular or cylindrical grinding wheel rotates relative to its surface. Cylindrical grinders can be used on both ID and OD, either over the full length of the part or at partial depths. It produces very precise tolerances and a very smooth surface texture.

Optical Grinding: The front is all metal machining, but CNC machining is also used to make special optics in glass or plastic. Optical components require very precise surfaces and tight tolerances, so special grinding equipment can be used. The shaft rotates, simultaneously turning the grinding wheel onto the surface, which has the average value of any nominal deviation. Abrasive pastes are also used as lubricants and to create finished surfaces.